Chapter 1: Crop production and management 
I- FILL IN THE BLANKS
1.The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on the large scale at the place is called crop
2.The first step before growing crops is the preparation of the soil
3. Damaged seeds would float on top of the water.
4. For growing of crops, sufficient sunlight and water and nutrition are essential.
II -MATCH THE FOLLOWING
1.KHARIF CROP
PADDY AND MAIZE
2.RABI CROPS
WHEAT, GRAM, PEA
3.CHEMICAL FERTILISERS
UREA AND SUPERPHOSPHATE
4. ORGANIC MANURE
ANIMAL EXCRETA, COW DUNG, URINE AND PLANT WASTE
1.KHARIF CROP | PADDY AND MAIZE |
2.RABI CROPS | WHEAT, GRAM, PEA |
3.CHEMICAL FERTILISERS | UREA AND SUPERPHOSPHATE |
4. ORGANIC MANURE | ANIMAL EXCRETA, COW DUNG, URINE AND PLANT WASTE |
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III-ANSWER THE FOLLOWING
1. Give two examples of each
a)kharif crop
b)Rabi crop
ANS: a)kharif crop: paddy, maize, soya bean, cotton, groundnut
b)Rabi crop : wheat, gram ,Pea, mustard, linseed
2. Write a paragraph in your own words on each of the following
a) preparation of soil
b) sowing
c) weeding
d) Threshing
ANS: a) preparation of soil: It is the first step in agriculture. Preparation of the soil is done to loosen the soil, which is essential for the root penetration into the soil. This allows the roots to breathe easily. Loosening of soil allows the growth of earthworms and microorganisms. which will help keep the soil fertile by adding humus to the soil .Loosening of soil also brings nutrient rich soil to the top layer, which is essential for the growth of plants.
b) sowing : It is an important process in crop production. First healthy seeds are selected before sowing after selecting healthy seeds sowing is done by either traditional method or by using equipments and seed drill.
c) weeding : Removal of unnecessary plants from field is called weeding. weeds compete with crop plants for nutrition and water this will reduce the yield of the desired crops weeds also interfere while harvesting and gets mixed with the crop some weeds are poisonous to animals and plants Tilling is a common method which helps removal of weeds before growing crops. Manual method like physical removal of plants are used to remove weeds. Weedicides are sprayed to get rid of weeds but this method may affect the health of farmers because of chemicals used as Weedicides . So farmers should cover their nose while spraying the chemical that is Weedicides .
- THRESHING:- Process of separating the grain seeds from the chaff from the crop is known as threshing .This is carried out by a machine called ' combine' which is in fact a harvester as well as a thresher .Thrashing is also done by winnowing where the blow of wind is used to separate the chaff from corps.
3. Explain how fertilizer are different from manure?
Ans:
FERTILISER | MANURE |
Fertiliser is a man made inorganic salt. | Manure is an organic substance obtained by decomposition of cattle dung and plant residues. |
Fertiliser are prepared artificially in factories | Manure can be prepared in fields |
Prepared /manufactured in factories | Prepared in fields |
Does not provide humus to soil | Provide humus to soil |
Rich in plant nutrients | Relatively less plant nutrients |
Long-term usage has adverse effects on soil | Long-term usage improve soil fertility |
4. What is irrigation? Describe two methods of irrigation which conserve water?
Ans: the supply of water to the crops at regular intervals is called irrigation.
Methods of irrigation which conserve water are:
A)Drip Irrigation
B) Sprinkler Irrigation
A)Drip Irrigation: In this system the water falls drop by drop directly near the roots so it is called drip system. It is best technique for watering fruit plants , garden and trees. water is not wasted at all. it is a boon in regions where availability of water is poor.
B) Sprinkler Irrigation: This system is more useful on the uneven land where sufficient water is not available. The perpendicular pipes, having rotating nozzles on top are joined to the main pipeline at regular intervals. when water is allowed to flowthrough the main pipe under pressure with the help of a pump. It Escapes from the rotating nozzles. It gets sprinkled on the Crops as if it is raining .sprinkler is very useful for lawns, coffee plantation and several other crops.
5. If wheat is sown in the Kharif season, what would happen? Discuss.
Answer:
Wheat crops may get destroyed if sown in Kharif season because of unfavourable temperature, pests and adaptable conditions for the plants to grow. Kharif come during the rainy season, hence it is not a wise idea to grow wheat in Kharif season.
6. Explain how soil gets affected by the continuous plantation of crops in a field.
Answer:
Plants require nutrients for their growth. Without optimum nutrients plants will die. Continuous plantation of crops results in depletion of certain nutrients like Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium etc. This results in the decrease of yield due to loss of nutrients hence there should be a gap between crops in order to get a good yield.
7. What are weeds? How can we control them?
Answer:
In a field many other undesirable plants may grow naturally along with the crop. These undesirable plants are called weeds. Weeds can be controlled by methods called weeding. Tilling before sowing of crops helps in uprooting and killing of weeds, which may then dry up and get mixed with the soil. Weeds are also controlled by using certain chemicals, called weedicides.
8. Arrange the following boxes in proper order to make a flow chart of sugarcane crop production.
Answer:
9. Complete the following word puzzle with the help of clues given below.
Down
A. Providing water to the crops.
B. Keeping crop grains for a long time under proper conditions.
C. Certain plants of the same kind grown on a large scale.
Across
D. A machine used for cutting the matured crop.
E. A rabi crop that is also one of the pulses.
F. A process of separating the grain from chaff
Answer:
DOWN
IRRIGATION
STORAGE
CROP
ACROSS
HARVESTOR
GRAM
WINNOWING
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