Characteristics of particles of matter particles of matter
1.2.1 Particles of matter particles of matter have space between them
let's try to understand this with the help of an activity
In activity 1.1 and 1.2 we observe that the particles of salt got evenly distributed in water due to the space present in between the water molecules and same observation is made with solution of potassium permanganate
we observe the same while making tea coffee or lemonade that is one substance is soluble in other
conclusion : All the above activities tells us clearly that particles of one type of matter get into the spaces between particles of the other so we can conclude that there is enough space between particles of matter
1.2.2 Particles of matter are continuously moving
Activity 1.3
The particles in the matter are continuously moving because they possess kinetic energy
Examples :Smell of an incense stick, spread of red or blue ink in a beaker, spread of honey in a beaker, mixing of copper sulphate in water etc
- To perform the activity 1.3 the materials required are stand incense stick and matchbox
- let's take one incense stick light it fix it in the stand and place it in a corner of the room
- we observe that it smell spread evenly in the whole room and the whole room start smelling really good
- we can conclude that particles of matter are not stationary they are moving continuously through air so we can smell the pleasant fragrance
Activity 1.4
To perform this activity the materials required are two glasses or two beaker's filled with water, a drop of red or blue ink , honey and a dropper .
Take two beakers or a glass filled with water. Now add a drop of ink to one beaker filled with water and honey to another beaker. Leave it undisturbed for sometime.
We observe that as the ink is dropped into the water it starts mixing whereas the honey settles down at the bottom of the beaker. After one hour we observe that the ink is completely mixed whereas honey is not mixed yet .
The particles of ink is not as closely packed as the particles of honey. The particles of ink has space present in between and hence has more kinetic energy compare to honey.
Activity 1.5
To perform this activity the materials required are a crystal of copper sulphate or potassium permanganate, two beakers, hot and cold water.
- Take two beakers keep it on the table. Add hot water in one beaker and fill another beaker with cold water. Now add either a crystal of copper sulphate or potassium permanganate in both the beaker and observe.
- we observe that the crystals starts dissolving within the water just above and blue colour of copper sulphate or purple colour of potassium permanganate spread into the entire solution.The colour change is observed much faster in the beaker containing hot water compare to the beaker with cold water.
- we can conclude that rate of mixing changes with the temperature, as the temperature rises particles move faster. Increase in temperature results increase in the kinetic energy as well. As a result the particles mixes at a faster rate.
Diffusion
The intermixing of particles of two different types of matter on their own is called diffusion. When the temperature rises or increases the diffusion of the particles inside the substance also becomes faster. This is due to the increase in the kinetic energy of the particles, which makes them move continuously.
1.2.3 Particles of matter attract each other
Activity 1.6
Try to play this game with your family members.
- Make group 1 with 3 to 4 members and tell them to hold each other from the back and lock arms shown in figure 1.3 of your ncert textbook. Now you try to break the chain.
- With the same members try to make group 2 and tell them to hold hands of each other try to break this chain again.
- Now tell the members to make group three by touching each other's fingertips try to break this chain too.
- The chain which was easy to break was group 3 followed by group 2 and the chain of group 1 was difficult to break because they were held with each other with maximum force.
Let us take the substances such as; an iron nail, a piece of chalk and a rubber band.We also need a hammer and scissor.
Come, let's try to break them with the help of hammer. We know that all are solids.
It is easier to hammer a piece of chalk compared to rubber band and iron nail. The particles in iron nail are packed closely hence it is difficult to separate this particles compare to chalk piece.
Similarly if we try to cut the substances by using a scissor.We are not able to cut iron nail compared to chalk and rubber band. The particles in chalk piece and rubber band are packed loosely, hence it is easy to cut.
We can conclude that in iron nail the force of attraction between the particles is maximum as the particles are closely packed whereas in chalk piece and rubber band the particles are loosely packed.
Are we able to cut the stream of water with our fingers?
Yes, we are able to cut the stream of water with our fingers because water is in liquid state where molecules are loosely packed hence we are able to cut the stream of water with our fingers.
- Particles of matter have force acting between them, which keeps the particles together.
- The strength of the force of attraction varies from one kind of matter to another.
- Particles of matter have space between them.
- Particles of matter are continuously moving.
- Particles of matter attract each other.
Post a Comment