Crop production and Management
🔶 Who are called the 'Annadatas'?
🔶 Animals and humans cannot make their food then from where do they get their food?
🔶 How do green plants prepare their food?
Let's try to get the answers for the above listed questions one by one.
We know very well that all living organisms require food. They get the food from the plants. Plants are called autotrophs because they can prepare their own food by the process of photosynthesis.
🔶 What is photosynthesis?
It is the process by which green plants synthesise food by using the raw materials such as carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.
Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction, the products formed in it are glucose Oxygen and water.
Animals and humans cannot prepare their own food. So, they depend on plants either directly or indirectly for food.
🔶 One more question arises here, why do animals and humans eat food?
🟣 To perform the various functions of the body such as digestion, respiration, excretion and nutrition energy is required. And animals and human beings get this energy from the food. We, the human beings get food from both plants and animals.
🟣 Now you might have understood the requirements of food is very larger. To provide food for larger numbers or large population-regular production, proper management and distribution is necessary.
And to fulfil the needs of farmers work hard in the field whole life. They are the very precious asset of of our country, whose hard work provides food for everyone. That's the reason farmers are called the backbone of the country and they are also called the 'Annadatas.
Before going deep into the lesson, let's have a look to the tools which are used by the farmers in the fields. They are khurpi, sickle, shovel, plough ect.
1.1 Agricultural practices Early man where Nomadic till 10,000 they used to wander in groups from one place to another in search of food and shelter. At that period the used to eat raw fruits and vegetables and started hunting animals also only for the purpose of food. After the discovery of fire they started to settle in one place. Later, they begin to cultivate and produce food crops.Thus 'Agriculture' was born.
What is a crop?
When plants of the same kind are cultivated at one place on a large scale it is called a crop. Example; wheat crop, paddy crop and millet crop.
In the above mentioned example we mean that one type of crop grown in a field at that time.
Different types of crops
Cereals - wheat, rice paddy, maize, rye Barley and oats.
Vegetables - potato, brinjal, beans and tomatoes.
Fruits - mango, banana, grapes, guava and Apple.
When we talk about the country India the climatic conditions such as temperature, humidity and rainfall vary from one region to another. There are so many crops grown in different parts of the country.
Different types of crops are classified on the basis of the season in which they grow.
The two cropping patterns are:
1. Kharif crops:
🟣 Crops that are sown in the rainy season are called kharif crops.
🟣 In India the rainy season is from the month of June to September.
🟣 Kharif crops are also known as monsoon crops because they are cultivated in the monsoon season.
🟣 The word "kharif "is an Arabic word meaning of which is autumn.
🟣 Kharif crops are harvested by the month of September or October.
🟣 Examples of kharif crops are: rice, maize, Bajra, ragi, soybean, groundnut, cotton, brinjal, chilli, green beans and many more.
2. Rabi crops:
🟣 Crops that are grown in the winter season are called Rabi crops.
🟣 In India winter season is from October to March.
🟣 Rabi crops are also known as winter crops because they are grown in winter season.
🟣 Rabi crops are harvested by the month of April or May.
🟣 Examples: wheat, gram, pea, mustard and linseed.
Besides these, pulses and vegetables are grown during summer at many places.
Why paddy cannot be grown in winter season?
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